Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country located in the Balkans region of Europe, known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and cultural diversity. If you’re considering moving to Bosnia and Herzegovina as an expat, here is some information that might be helpful:

The general cost of living in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The cost of living, wages and housing costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina can vary depending on the city and region. Generally speaking, the cost of living in Bosnia and Herzegovina is lower than many other European countries. Here are some rough estimates of the costs:

  • The cost of living in Bosnia and Herzegovina is relatively low. You can expect to pay around 1,500-2,000 BAM (Bosnian Convertible Mark, the local currency) per month for a basic standard of living, including rent, food, utilities, and transportation.
  • Wages and salaries in Bosnia and Herzegovina are also relatively low compared to many other European countries. The average monthly salary is around 1,400 BAM, but this can vary widely depending on the industry and region.
  • Housing costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina are generally affordable. Rent for a one-bedroom apartment in the city center can range from 300 to 500 BAM per month, while rent for a three-bedroom apartment can range from 500 to 800 BAM per month.

It’s important to note that these estimates are very rough and can vary depending on the specific city or region in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The cost of living in cities like Sarajevo and Banja Luka may be higher than in smaller towns or rural areas, for example.


Wages and salary in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The average monthly net salary in Bosnia and Herzegovina is around 900-1000 BAM (Bosnia and Herzegovina Convertible Mark), which is equivalent to approximately 450-500 EUR (Euros) or 500-600 USD (US dollars). However, wages can vary widely depending on the industry and location. In general, salaries are lower than in many other European countries, but the cost of living is also lower. It is also worth noting that Bosnia and Herzegovina has a high rate of unemployment, which can affect wages and job opportunities.


Housing costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Housing costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina vary depending on the location and type of housing. In general, housing in Bosnia and Herzegovina is more affordable compared to other European countries.

The capital city, Sarajevo, is considered the most expensive city in Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of housing costs. The average monthly rent for a one-bedroom apartment in the city center is around 550-700 BAM (280-350 EUR), while outside the city center, it is around 400-550 BAM (200-280 EUR).

In other major cities like Banja Luka, Mostar, and Tuzla, the average monthly rent for a one-bedroom apartment is around 300-450 BAM (150-225 EUR) in the city center and around 250-350 BAM (125-175 EUR) outside the city center.

If you are interested in buying a property in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the average cost per square meter in Sarajevo is around 2,000-2,500 BAM (1,000-1,250 EUR), while in other major cities, it is around 1,500-2,000 BAM (750-1,000 EUR) per square meter.


Rental costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The rental costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina can vary depending on the location, type of property, and the size of the apartment or house. Generally, the rental prices are lower compared to other European countries. In Sarajevo, the capital city, a one-bedroom apartment in the city center can cost around 350-450 BAM (Bosnian Convertible Mark) per month, while a similar apartment outside the city center can cost around 250-350 BAM per month.

For larger apartments, the cost can range from 550-700 BAM per month in the city center and 400-600 BAM per month outside the city center. In other cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, such as Banja Luka or Mostar, the rental prices are generally lower than in Sarajevo, with a one-bedroom apartment costing around 250-350 BAM per month in the city center and 200-300 BAM per month outside the city center.

It is worth noting that many people in Bosnia and Herzegovina own their own homes or apartments, so the rental market is not as developed as in other countries. Additionally, some landlords may require a deposit equivalent to one or two months’ rent before moving in.


Property prices in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The cost of property in Bosnia and Herzegovina varies greatly depending on the location and type of property. In general, property prices are lower than many other European countries, which makes it an attractive destination for expats looking to purchase a property.

The average price of a house in Bosnia and Herzegovina is around 1,800 BAM (Bosnian Convertible Mark) per square meter, which is approximately 900 EUR per square meter. However, prices can range from as low as 1,000 BAM per square meter in some areas to as high as 4,000 BAM per square meter in more desirable locations.

Apartments are generally more affordable, with an average price of around 1,400 BAM per square meter (approximately 700 EUR per square meter). Again, prices can vary greatly depending on the location and quality of the apartment.

It’s worth noting that the process of buying property in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be complex, and it’s important to seek professional advice before making any purchases.


Cost of domestic bills in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The cost of domestic bills in Bosnia and Herzegovina varies depending on the size of the household, the region, and the type of property. Generally, utilities such as electricity, gas, and water are reasonably priced. However, heating costs during the winter months can be high, particularly in older buildings that are not energy-efficient.

According to Numbeo, a website that compares the cost of living in different countries, the average monthly cost of utilities (electricity, gas, water, and garbage) for a 85 square meter apartment in Sarajevo is around 150 BAM (90 USD). Internet costs around 45 BAM (27 USD) per month.

It’s worth noting that if you are renting an apartment, some landlords may include the cost of utilities in the monthly rent, while others may require you to pay the bills separately.


Utility bills in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The cost of utility bills in Bosnia and Herzegovina can vary depending on several factors, including the region, the size of the home, and the specific utility company. Generally, the cost of utilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina is lower compared to other European countries.

Electricity bills can range from approximately 50-200 BAM (30-120 USD) per month, depending on usage and location. Gas bills can range from approximately 15-50 BAM (9-30 USD) per month, while water bills can range from approximately 10-30 BAM (6-18 USD) per month. Internet and phone services can cost approximately 30-50 BAM (18-30 USD) per month. It’s worth noting that these costs are estimates and can vary depending on individual circumstances.


Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina are relatively affordable. The country has several mobile network operators, including BH Telecom, m:tel, and HT Eronet, offering various mobile plans with data, voice, and text options. The internet and fixed-line telephone services are provided by companies such as BH Telecom, Telemach, and Logosoft.

The cost of mobile plans varies based on the operator and the package selected, but generally, they are affordable and offer good value for money. A basic mobile plan with limited data and talk time can cost as little as BAM 10 (EUR 5) per month, while more comprehensive packages with more data, texts, and talk time can cost up to BAM 50 (EUR 25) per month.

Fixed-line internet packages are also affordable, with prices starting from as low as BAM 10 (EUR 5) per month for a basic package with limited data, and going up to BAM 40 (EUR 20) per month for packages with unlimited data and higher speeds.

Overall, Bosnia and Herzegovina offers affordable and reliable telecommunications services.


Healthcare costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Healthcare costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina are relatively low compared to Western European countries. The healthcare system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a mix of public and private healthcare providers, with the public sector being the main provider of healthcare services.

Citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina are entitled to free healthcare under the country’s public healthcare system. However, the quality of care can vary, and there may be long waiting times for certain procedures.

Private healthcare is also available, and it may be faster and offer a higher quality of care than the public system. However, private healthcare can be expensive and may not be covered by insurance.

Medicines are generally affordable in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but prices can vary depending on the medication and where it is purchased.

Overall, the cost of healthcare in Bosnia and Herzegovina is lower than many other European countries, but the quality of care can vary. It is recommended that expats living in Bosnia and Herzegovina obtain private health insurance to ensure they have access to the best possible healthcare services.


Childcare costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Childcare costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina vary depending on the type of care and location. Generally, informal care provided by grandparents or other relatives is common and less expensive than formal childcare options.

For formal childcare, prices can range from 200 to 400 BAM (120 to 240 USD) per month for a kindergarten or daycare center, and up to 600 BAM (360 USD) per month for a private nursery. Prices can be higher in larger cities like Sarajevo and Banja Luka.

Some parents may also choose to hire a nanny or babysitter, with hourly rates ranging from 5 to 15 BAM (3 to 9 USD) depending on experience and location.


Study costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

he education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is mostly free of charge for its citizens, from primary to higher education levels. However, there may be some costs associated with textbooks, transportation, and other study materials.

For foreign students, the costs vary depending on the institution and program of study. Private universities may have higher tuition fees compared to public universities. Additionally, international students may need to obtain a student visa and pay associated fees. It is best to research specific institutions and programs for accurate information on study costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


The cost of food and drink in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The cost of food and drink in Bosnia and Herzegovina is relatively low compared to many European countries.


Groceries

The cost of groceries in Bosnia and Herzegovina is generally lower than in Western European countries. Basic food items such as bread, milk, and vegetables are affordable, while meat and dairy products tend to be slightly more expensive. The price of groceries also varies depending on the region, with prices in urban areas generally being higher than in rural areas.

Here are some approximate prices of common grocery items in Bosnia and Herzegovina:

  • 1 liter of milk: 1.5 BAM (0.90 USD)
  • 1 loaf of bread: 1 BAM (0.60 USD)
  • 1 kg of chicken breast: 9 BAM (5.50 USD)
  • 1 kg of beef: 18 BAM (11 USD)
  • 1 kg of potatoes: 1.5 BAM (0.90 USD)
  • 1 kg of apples: 2 BAM (1.20 USD)
  • 1 bottle of domestic beer: 2 BAM (1.20 USD)
  • 1 bottle of imported beer: 3 BAM (1.80 USD)
  • 1 bottle of mid-range wine: 10 BAM (6 USD)
  • 1 liter of bottled water: 0.70 BAM (0.40 USD)


Restaurants in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a diverse food culture that is influenced by its history and geography. The cost of dining out in restaurants can vary depending on the location and type of establishment.

In general, a meal at an inexpensive restaurant can cost around 8-15 BAM (Bosnian Convertible Mark), while a meal for two people at a mid-range restaurant can cost around 40-60 BAM. Fine dining restaurants can cost upwards of 100 BAM per person.

It’s also worth noting that Bosnian cuisine tends to be quite meat-heavy, so vegetarian or vegan options may be limited in some restaurants. However, larger cities such as Sarajevo and Banja Luka are starting to offer more plant-based options to cater to changing dietary preferences.

Alcohol prices in restaurants are generally lower than in Western Europe, with a local beer costing around 2-4 BAM and a glass of wine starting at around 4 BAM.


Beer, wine, and spirits in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich culture of wine and traditional brandy (rakija), as well as beer. Prices for beer, wine, and spirits in Bosnia and Herzegovina are generally lower than in many Western European countries.

A bottle of domestic beer (0.5 liters) in a supermarket can cost around 2 BAM (Bosnian Convertible Mark), while a bottle of imported beer (0.33 liters) can cost around 2.5 BAM. In a bar or restaurant, a domestic beer can cost around 3-4 BAM, while an imported beer can cost around 4-6 BAM.

Wine prices can vary widely depending on the brand, but a bottle of domestic wine can typically be purchased for 10-20 BAM, while imported wine can cost anywhere from 20-50 BAM per bottle.

Rakija is a popular traditional fruit brandy, and prices can vary depending on the quality and the type of fruit used. A bottle of homemade rakija can be purchased for as little as 5 BAM, while a higher quality commercially-produced bottle can cost 20-50 BAM.

It is worth noting that Bosnia and Herzegovina has a zero-tolerance policy for drinking and driving, and penalties for violating this law can be severe.


Coffee in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Coffee is very popular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it is available in various forms and at different price points. A typical cup of coffee, served in a cafe, costs around 2-3 BAM (Bosnian convertible mark), which is roughly equivalent to 1-1.5 euros. The price may vary depending on the location, type of coffee, and additional items, such as milk or sugar.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is also known for its traditional Bosnian coffee, which is served in a small copper pot called a džezva. The price of Bosnian coffee can vary greatly, depending on the quality and origin of the coffee beans used. Generally, a pack of Bosnian coffee costs between 5 and 10 BAM (roughly 2.5-5 euros) in supermarkets.

In addition to coffee, Bosnia and Herzegovina produces a variety of teas and herbal teas, which are widely consumed and affordable. The prices for tea bags start at around 1 BAM (0.5 euro) per pack.


Transport costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The cost of transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina varies depending on the mode of transportation and the distance traveled. Here are some estimated costs:

  • Public transport: In Sarajevo, a single ticket for a bus or tram ride costs around 1.80 BAM (1 USD). Monthly passes for unlimited use cost around 40 BAM (24 USD). In other cities, the prices may be slightly lower.
  • Taxis: Taxi fares are relatively cheap in Bosnia and Herzegovina compared to Western Europe. A typical ride within the city center of Sarajevo costs around 3-4 BAM (1.8-2.4 USD) per kilometer. Make sure to always use official taxis with meters.
  • Car rental: Car rental prices vary depending on the rental company, type of vehicle, and duration of rental. On average, daily rental prices start from around 30 BAM (18 USD) for a basic car.
  • Gasoline: The price of gasoline in Bosnia and Herzegovina is lower than in most European countries, with an average price of around 2.50 BAM (1.5 USD) per liter.
  • Train: Train travel is affordable, with prices starting from around 2 BAM (1.2 USD) for short distances. However, the train network is not as extensive as in some other European countries.

It’s worth noting that the quality of roads can vary, especially in rural areas, and traffic can be congested in larger cities during peak hours.


Public transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Public transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of buses, trams, and trolleybuses. The prices for public transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina are relatively low compared to other European countries.

In Sarajevo, the capital city, a single bus ticket costs around 1.80 BAM (Bosnian Convertible Mark), while a monthly pass costs around 60 BAM. In other cities, the prices are similar, with some variations depending on the distance traveled.

In addition to buses, trams, and trolleybuses, there are also private minibus companies that operate in some cities and offer transportation to nearby towns and villages. These prices vary depending on the distance traveled and the company used.

Taxis are also available in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with prices varying depending on the city and company used. However, taxis can be more expensive than public transport, and it is recommended to agree on the fare before starting the journey.


Private transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, private transport options include owning a car, using taxis, or using ride-sharing services. Owning a car can be relatively expensive due to the cost of purchasing and maintaining a vehicle. The price of gasoline is also relatively high compared to average salaries. Taxis are widely available in major cities and fares are generally affordable. Ride-sharing services like Uber and Bolt are also available in some cities and offer competitive rates. However, public transportation is generally more affordable than private transport options in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Leisure activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina offers a range of leisure activities for expats to enjoy.

  1. Outdoor activities: Bosnia and Herzegovina is known for its beautiful natural scenery, which provides ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing, snowboarding, rafting, and fishing. Popular destinations include the Dinaric Alps, Una National Park, and the Sutjeska National Park.
  2. Historical and cultural sites: Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country with a rich history and culture. Expats can visit the Old Bridge in Mostar, Stari Grad in Sarajevo, or the Ottoman-era Bascarsija bazaar.
  3. Festivals: Bosnia and Herzegovina is known for its many festivals, including the Sarajevo Film Festival, the Mostar Summer Festival, and the Sarajevo Jazz Festival.
  4. Nightlife: The major cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, such as Sarajevo and Banja Luka, offer a vibrant nightlife scene with plenty of bars, nightclubs, and live music venues.
  5. Sports: Sports such as football, basketball, handball, and volleyball are popular in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Expats can attend matches or participate in local sports clubs.
  6. Food and drink: Bosnian cuisine is a blend of Mediterranean and Central European influences, and is known for its grilled meats, stews, and pastries. Expats can also enjoy a wide variety of local wines and spirits.
  7. Shopping: Bosnian markets offer a variety of locally made handicrafts, including copperware, jewelry, and textiles. Major cities also have shopping malls with international brands.


Clothing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The cost of clothing in Bosnia and Herzegovina can vary depending on the brand and quality of the item. Generally speaking, clothing in Bosnia and Herzegovina is moderately priced, but it can be more expensive in larger cities such as Sarajevo and Banja Luka.

Local markets and bazaars can be a great place to find affordable clothing options. For example, the Markale market in Sarajevo offers a range of clothing options at relatively low prices.

There are also a number of shopping malls in Bosnia and Herzegovina where you can find international and local clothing brands. The prices at these malls are generally higher than those found at local markets and bazaars.


Sports in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sports are an essential part of the culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with many popular sports and events enjoyed by locals and visitors alike.

Football (soccer) is by far the most popular sport in the country, with many professional and amateur teams competing in leagues and tournaments at the local and national levels. Other popular team sports include basketball, handball, and volleyball.

Individual sports such as tennis, boxing, and martial arts are also popular, and there are many clubs and facilities throughout the country where one can practice and compete.

Additionally, Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich tradition of winter sports, including skiing, snowboarding, and ice skating. The country boasts several ski resorts, including Jahorina, Bjelašnica, and Kupres, which attract visitors from around the region.

Overall, there are many opportunities to engage in sports and physical activity in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the costs of participation will depend on the sport and level of competition.


Taxation and social security in Bosnia and Herzegovina

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the tax and social security system can be complex and varies depending on various factors, such as the type of employment, income level, and location.

The general tax rate for personal income tax is 10%, with the exception of those who earn more than 50,000 KM per year, who are subject to a higher tax rate of 20%. The employer is responsible for deducting the tax from the employee’s salary and transferring it to the tax authorities.

Social security contributions are mandatory for both employees and employers. The employee contributes 33.5% of their gross salary, while the employer contributes an additional 47.5% of the employee’s gross salary. The contributions go towards funding various social security programs, including pensions, health care, and unemployment benefits.

Value-added tax (VAT) is also charged on most goods and services in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The standard VAT rate is 17%, with a reduced rate of 5% for certain goods and services, such as books, medical supplies, and public transport.

It’s important to note that the tax and social security system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is subject to change, and it’s recommended to seek professional advice to understand the specifics of the system based on your individual circumstances.


Assistance with living costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

There are various types of assistance available for living costs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, depending on the individual’s circumstances. Here are some examples:

  1. Social assistance: This is available to individuals and families who are in need of financial support. The amount of assistance provided depends on the person’s income and assets, as well as their family situation.
  2. Child benefits: Families with children are eligible for child benefits, which are monthly payments designed to help cover the cost of raising children. The amount of the benefit varies depending on the age of the child and the family’s income.
  3. Housing subsidies: Low-income families and individuals may be eligible for housing subsidies to help with the cost of rent or mortgage payments. The amount of the subsidy depends on the person’s income and the size of their family.
  4. Free or subsidized healthcare: In Bosnia and Herzegovina, healthcare is provided through a combination of public and private systems. However, individuals who are in need of financial assistance may be eligible for free or subsidized healthcare through the public system.
  5. Education subsidies: Students who come from low-income families may be eligible for subsidies to help with the cost of education, including tuition fees and textbooks.
  6. Unemployment benefits: Individuals who have lost their job may be eligible for unemployment benefits, which provide financial assistance for a limited period of time while the person looks for work.

It is worth noting that eligibility requirements and the amount of assistance provided may vary depending on the specific program or assistance type. It is advisable to contact the relevant authorities or organizations to determine eligibility and application procedures.