In Italy, healthcare is provided through a national healthcare system known as the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN). Here are some key basics to know about healthcare in Italy:

  1. Universal Coverage: Italy has a universal healthcare system, which means that all Italian citizens and legal residents have access to healthcare services. The SSN provides coverage for a broad range of medical services, including doctor visits, hospital care, preventive care, and prescription medications.
  2. Regional Administration: The SSN is administered at the regional level, with each of Italy’s 20 regions responsible for managing healthcare services within their respective areas. This can lead to some variations in healthcare provision and services across regions.
  3. General Practitioners: In Italy, general practitioners (medici di medicina generale or medici di famiglia) serve as the first point of contact for non-emergency healthcare needs. They provide primary care services, such as diagnosis, treatment, and referrals to specialists if needed.
  4. Healthcare Access: To access healthcare services, individuals need to register with the SSN and obtain a health card called the Tessera Sanitaria. The health card contains personal information and is presented when accessing medical services.
  5. Emergency Care: In case of emergencies, individuals can call the emergency services number, 112, or go directly to the nearest emergency department (Pronto Soccorso) at a hospital. Emergency care is available to everyone, regardless of their insurance status.
  6. Co-payments: While many healthcare services are covered by the SSN, there are certain co-payments (ticket) that patients are required to make for some medical visits, hospital stays, and prescription medications. The amount of the co-payment varies depending on the service and the individual’s income.
  7. Private Healthcare: In addition to the public healthcare system, Italy also has a private healthcare sector. Private health insurance is available for those who wish to have additional coverage or access to private facilities and services.
  8. Waiting Times: Depending on the region and the specific service needed, there can be variations in waiting times for non-emergency procedures or specialist consultations within the public healthcare system. Private healthcare options often have shorter waiting times.
  9. Prescription Medications: Most prescription medications in Italy are dispensed at pharmacies (farmacie). Some medications may require a prescription from a doctor, while others can be purchased over the counter. The cost of medications varies, and co-payments may apply.
  10. Expatriates and Visitors: Expatriates living in Italy and visitors from other countries may have different healthcare arrangements. It’s important for expatriates to check their eligibility for the SSN or obtain private health insurance coverage. Visitors from countries with reciprocal healthcare agreements may be entitled to emergency medical care or access to healthcare services under specific conditions.

It’s worth noting that healthcare systems and policies can undergo changes, so it’s important to stay updated on the latest regulations and requirements. Consulting with the local healthcare authorities or seeking advice from professionals can provide more detailed and accurate information based on individual circumstances.

The healthcare system in Italy

The healthcare system in Italy is known as the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN) or the National Health Service. Here are some key features and characteristics of the healthcare system in Italy:

  1. Universal Coverage: Italy has a universal healthcare system, which means that all Italian citizens and legal residents are entitled to receive healthcare services. The SSN provides coverage for a wide range of medical services, including primary care, hospital care, specialist consultations, diagnostic tests, and prescription medications.
  2. Regional Administration: The healthcare system in Italy is administered at the regional level. Italy is divided into 20 regions, and each region is responsible for managing and organizing healthcare services within its jurisdiction. This can lead to some variations in the quality and availability of healthcare services across regions.
  3. Primary Care: General practitioners, known as medici di medicina generale or medici di famiglia, serve as the main point of contact for patients. They provide primary care services, including diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care. Patients can choose their own general practitioner, and visits to primary care physicians are generally covered by the SSN.
  4. Health Card: To access healthcare services in Italy, individuals need to obtain a health card called the Tessera Sanitaria. The health card contains personal information and is used to identify individuals and track their healthcare usage. It is presented when visiting healthcare facilities and is necessary for reimbursement purposes.
  5. Co-payments: While many healthcare services in Italy are covered by the SSN, patients are required to make co-payments, known as ticket or ticket sanitario, for certain medical services. The co-payment amount depends on the specific service and the patient’s income level. Certain vulnerable groups, such as children, pregnant women, and people with chronic diseases, may be exempt from co-payments.
  6. Hospitals and Specialist Care: Italy has a network of public hospitals that provide specialized medical care, including surgeries, treatments, and emergency services. Referrals from general practitioners are often required for specialist consultations, and these services are generally covered by the SSN.
  7. Private Healthcare: In addition to the public healthcare system, Italy has a private healthcare sector. Private healthcare facilities and services are available for those who prefer to seek private medical care or have supplementary health insurance coverage. Private healthcare may offer shorter waiting times and additional amenities, but it often comes at a higher cost.
  8. Prescription Medications: Prescription medications in Italy are dispensed at pharmacies (farmacie). Some medications require a prescription from a doctor, while others can be purchased over the counter. The cost of medications can vary, and co-payments may apply.
  9. Emergency Care: Emergency care is available to everyone in Italy, regardless of their insurance status. In case of emergencies, individuals can call the emergency services number, 112, or go directly to the nearest emergency department (Pronto Soccorso) at a hospital.
  10. Expatriates and Visitors: Expatriates living in Italy and visitors from other countries may have different healthcare arrangements. Expatriates may be eligible for the SSN depending on their residency status and contributions to the Italian healthcare system. Visitors from countries with reciprocal healthcare agreements may be entitled to emergency medical care or access to healthcare services under specific conditions.

It’s important to note that the healthcare system in Italy, like in any country, is subject to policies, regulations, and occasional changes. It’s recommended to consult with local healthcare authorities or seek advice from professionals for the most up-to-date and accurate information based on individual circumstances.

Doctors in Italy

In Italy, doctors play a crucial role in providing healthcare services to the population. Here is some information about doctors in Italy:

  1. General Practitioners (Medici di Medicina Generale or Medici di Famiglia): General practitioners serve as the primary point of contact for patients in the Italian healthcare system. They provide general medical care, diagnose common illnesses, offer preventive care, and refer patients to specialists when necessary. General practitioners typically have their own private practices and are often the first healthcare professionals individuals turn to for non-emergency medical issues.
  2. Specialists: Italy has a wide range of medical specialists who focus on specific areas of healthcare. Some common types of specialists include cardiologists, dermatologists, gynecologists, orthopedic surgeons, pediatricians, psychiatrists, and many more. Specialists require a referral from a general practitioner or another specialist for consultation, and they provide more specialized and in-depth care for specific medical conditions.
  3. Medical Education and Licensing: Doctors in Italy undergo a rigorous education and training process. They typically complete a six-year medical degree program at a university followed by a residency program in their chosen specialty. After completing their residency, doctors must pass a licensing examination conducted by the Ministry of Health to practice medicine in Italy.
  4. Public and Private Practitioners: Doctors in Italy can work in both the public and private sectors. Public doctors are employed by the National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale – SSN) and work in public hospitals and clinics. Private doctors have their own practices or work in private medical facilities. Many doctors work in both sectors, offering both public and private services.
  5. Health Card and Reimbursement: When visiting a doctor in Italy, individuals are required to present their health card (Tessera Sanitaria) as proof of their entitlement to healthcare services under the National Health Service. Doctors then bill the SSN for the services provided, and patients may be required to pay co-payments (tickets) for certain services, depending on their income level.
  6. Availability and Waiting Times: The availability of doctors in Italy can vary based on location, specialty, and demand. In some cases, particularly for specialized services, there may be longer waiting times for consultations or procedures within the public healthcare system. Private doctors may offer shorter waiting times, but at a higher cost.
  7. Professional Associations: Doctors in Italy are part of various professional associations and orders, such as the National Federation of Orders of Doctors and Dentists (Federazione Nazionale degli Ordini dei Medici Chirurghi e degli Odontoiatri – FNOMCeO). These organizations oversee the ethical and professional standards of doctors and ensure the quality of medical practice in the country.

It’s important to note that while most doctors in Italy have a good command of English, especially in urban areas and tourist destinations, it may be helpful to learn basic Italian medical terminology or consider the assistance of an interpreter if you are not fluent in the language.

Children’s healthcare in Italy

Children’s healthcare in Italy is well-established and prioritized within the national healthcare system. Here are some key aspects of children’s healthcare in Italy:

  1. Pediatricians: Pediatricians (pediatri) are specialized doctors who provide healthcare services exclusively for children, from infancy to adolescence. They play a vital role in monitoring children’s growth and development, providing preventive care, diagnosing and treating childhood illnesses, and offering guidance to parents on various aspects of child health.
  2. Well-Baby Visits: Italy emphasizes preventive care for children through regular well-baby visits (visite del bambino sano) with pediatricians. During these visits, pediatricians assess the child’s growth, development, and overall health. They provide vaccinations according to the national immunization schedule, monitor milestones, offer parental advice, and address any concerns or health issues.
  3. Vaccinations: Italy has a comprehensive national immunization program to protect children against various diseases. Vaccinations are administered by pediatricians or through school-based vaccination programs. The schedule includes essential vaccines such as those for measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, and hepatitis B, among others.
  4. Child Health Centers: Italy has Child Health Centers (Consultori Infantili) that provide healthcare services for children, including pediatric consultations, vaccinations, and preventive care. These centers often work in collaboration with pediatricians and aim to promote child health and well-being.
  5. Early Intervention Programs: Italy has early intervention programs for children with developmental delays or disabilities. These programs provide assessments, therapies, and support services to help children reach their full potential. Pediatricians play a crucial role in identifying developmental concerns and referring children to the appropriate resources.
  6. Hospital Services: Italian hospitals have specialized pediatric departments that provide inpatient and outpatient care for children. These departments are equipped to handle various pediatric medical conditions and emergencies. Pediatric hospitals are staffed by healthcare professionals who are trained to work specifically with children.
  7. Maternity and Neonatal Care: Italy places great importance on maternity and neonatal care. There are specialized maternity hospitals (Casa della Maternità) that provide comprehensive care for pregnant women and newborns. Neonatal intensive care units (Unità di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale – UTIN) are available in major hospitals to care for premature or critically ill newborns.
  8. Parental Leave: Italy provides maternity leave and parental leave to support the well-being of both the mother and child. Maternity leave typically lasts for several months, and fathers can also take paternity leave to spend time with their newborns.
  9. Child Health Insurance: Children in Italy are generally covered by the national healthcare system (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale – SSN). However, additional private health insurance coverage may be available for families who want to access private healthcare services or have supplementary coverage beyond what the SSN provides.

It’s important to register your child with the SSN and find a pediatrician in your local area to ensure regular check-ups, vaccinations, and access to necessary healthcare services. The pediatrician will guide you on maintaining your child’s health and address any specific concerns or conditions.


Hospitals in Itay

Italy has a well-established healthcare system with numerous hospitals throughout the country. Here are some key points about hospitals in Italy:

  1. Public and Private Hospitals: Italy has both public and private hospitals. Public hospitals are operated by the National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale – SSN) and provide healthcare services to the general population. Private hospitals are privately owned and funded, and they often offer more luxurious amenities and shorter waiting times, but they come with higher costs.
  2. Hospital Categories: Hospitals in Italy are categorized based on the level of care they provide. The categories are:
    • Ospedale di Primo Livello (First-Level Hospital): These hospitals provide basic healthcare services, including emergency care and primary care specialties.
    • Ospedale di Secondo Livello (Second-Level Hospital): These hospitals have more advanced facilities and specialize in a broader range of medical services, including specialized diagnostic tests and surgeries.
    • Ospedale di Terzo Livello (Third-Level Hospital): These hospitals are highly specialized and provide advanced medical treatments and surgeries. They often have specialized departments for complex conditions and attract patients from across the country.
  3. Emergency Services: Hospitals in Italy have dedicated emergency departments known as Pronto Soccorso. These departments are equipped to handle medical emergencies and provide immediate care to patients in need. In case of an emergency, individuals can call the emergency services number, 112, or go directly to the nearest emergency department.
  4. Referrals and Specialist Care: To access specialist care in Italy, a referral from a general practitioner or another specialist is often required. This referral helps ensure appropriate coordination and continuity of care. Once a referral is obtained, patients can schedule an appointment with the specialist at the hospital.
  5. Waiting Times: Waiting times for non-emergency procedures or specialist consultations can vary depending on the hospital and the specific service required. Public hospitals may have longer waiting times compared to private hospitals. However, emergency cases are prioritized, and patients in urgent need of medical attention receive immediate care.
  6. University Hospitals: Italy has several university hospitals (Ospedali Universitari) affiliated with medical universities. These hospitals are centers of excellence for medical education, research, and specialized care. They often offer advanced treatments, access to clinical trials, and collaboration between healthcare professionals and researchers.
  7. Regional Variations: The availability and quality of healthcare services may vary across different regions of Italy. While larger cities generally have a greater number of hospitals and specialized services, rural areas may have more limited access to healthcare facilities. However, efforts are made to ensure that essential healthcare services are available in all regions.
  8. International Patients: Italy attracts international patients seeking specialized medical treatments or procedures. Some hospitals have dedicated International Patient Departments that assist with appointment scheduling, language interpretation, and other support services for international patients.

It’s important to note that the information provided here is a general overview, and hospitals in Italy may have specific policies, procedures, and specialties. It’s advisable to research and contact specific hospitals or consult with healthcare professionals for more detailed and up-to-date information based on your specific needs.

Going to the dentist in Italy

Visiting the dentist in Italy is an essential part of maintaining your oral health. Here are some key points to know about going to the dentist in Italy:

  1. Dentist (Dentista): Dentists in Italy are trained professionals who provide a wide range of dental care services. They diagnose and treat oral health issues, perform routine check-ups, cleanings, and fillings, and offer various dental treatments and procedures.
  2. Dental Clinics: Dental services in Italy are offered in private dental clinics, which can be found in cities and towns throughout the country. These clinics are equipped with modern dental equipment and technologies to provide quality dental care.
  3. National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale – SSN): Italy’s national healthcare system covers some basic dental services for certain categories of people, such as children and low-income individuals. The coverage includes preventive treatments, check-ups, and emergency dental care. However, coverage for more extensive treatments or cosmetic dentistry is generally not provided by the SSN.
  4. Private Dental Care: Many people in Italy opt for private dental care, which offers a broader range of services and flexibility in choosing a dentist. Private dental clinics often provide a wider range of treatments, including cosmetic dentistry, orthodontics, dental implants, and specialized procedures. Private dental care in Italy is generally fee-for-service, and fees can vary depending on the treatment and the dentist.
  5. Appointments and Wait Times: It’s common to make an appointment before visiting the dentist in Italy. Wait times for appointments may vary depending on the dental clinic and the availability of the dentist. Urgent cases and emergencies are usually given priority for immediate attention.
  6. Dental Insurance: Italy’s national healthcare system (SSN) provides limited dental coverage, and it’s advisable to have additional dental insurance to cover more extensive treatments or elective procedures. Private dental insurance plans are available and can offer coverage for a wider range of dental services.
  7. Dental Hygiene: In Italy, dental hygiene is highly valued, and regular check-ups and cleanings are recommended every six months to maintain good oral health. Dentists also provide guidance on proper oral hygiene practices, including brushing, flossing, and diet recommendations to prevent dental issues.
  8. Language Considerations: While many dentists in Italy have a good command of English, especially in urban areas and tourist destinations, it’s advisable to check if the dentist you choose can communicate effectively in your preferred language. If language barriers exist, you may consider having an interpreter or bilingual friend accompany you during your dental visits.

It’s important to note that the information provided here is a general overview, and dental practices in Italy may have specific policies, procedures, and fees. It’s advisable to research and contact specific dental clinics or consult with healthcare professionals for more detailed and up-to-date information based on your specific needs.

Mental healthcare in Italy

Mental healthcare in Italy has gained increased attention and recognition in recent years. Here are some key points about mental healthcare in Italy:

  1. National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale – SSN): Italy’s national healthcare system provides mental healthcare services, both in outpatient and inpatient settings. Mental healthcare is considered an essential part of healthcare, and access to mental health services is covered by the SSN.
  2. Mental Health Facilities: Italy has a network of mental health facilities that offer a range of services, including community mental health centers, psychiatric hospitals, and day hospitals. These facilities provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, counseling, and rehabilitation for individuals with mental health issues.
  3. Mental Health Professionals: Mental healthcare in Italy is provided by a multidisciplinary team of professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, and social workers. These professionals collaborate to deliver comprehensive care to individuals with mental health conditions.
  4. Outpatient Services: Outpatient mental health services are available through community mental health centers (Centri di Salute Mentale). These centers offer assessments, counseling, therapy, and medication management on an outpatient basis. They serve as the primary point of contact for individuals seeking mental healthcare in their local communities.
  5. Inpatient Care: Psychiatric hospitals (Ospedali Psichiatrici) provide specialized inpatient care for individuals with severe mental health conditions that require intensive treatment or crisis stabilization. Inpatient care is designed to provide a safe and therapeutic environment for individuals who need more intensive support and monitoring.
  6. Psychotherapy and Counseling: Psychotherapy and counseling services are an integral part of mental healthcare in Italy. They are provided by psychologists and psychiatrists trained in various therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and family therapy. Psychotherapy and counseling can be accessed both in public mental health facilities and through private practitioners.
  7. Medication Management: Psychiatrists in Italy are authorized to prescribe medications for the treatment of mental health conditions. Medication management is an essential component of mental healthcare, particularly for individuals with conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Psychiatric nurses often assist in monitoring medication adherence and providing education on medication management.
  8. Mental Health Support Organizations: Italy has various nonprofit organizations and support groups dedicated to mental health advocacy, education, and support. These organizations play a crucial role in raising awareness, reducing stigma, and providing resources for individuals and families affected by mental health conditions.
  9. Emergency Mental Health Services: In case of mental health emergencies, individuals can seek immediate assistance through emergency departments or by calling emergency services at 112. Emergency mental health services aim to provide crisis intervention, evaluation, and appropriate referrals to individuals in acute distress.

It’s important to note that mental healthcare services may vary in availability and quality across different regions of Italy. It’s advisable to research and contact local mental health facilities or consult with healthcare professionals for more detailed and up-to-date information based on your specific needs.

Sexual and reproductive health in Italy

Sexual and reproductive health in Italy is an important aspect of overall healthcare. Here are some key points about sexual and reproductive health in Italy:

  1. Access to Healthcare: Italy has a well-established healthcare system that provides access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services. These services are available through public healthcare facilities, private clinics, and healthcare providers.
  2. Family Planning: Family planning services in Italy include contraception, preconception care, and fertility counseling. Contraceptive methods, such as birth control pills, condoms, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and implants, are widely available and can be obtained through prescriptions from healthcare providers or purchased over the counter in pharmacies.
  3. Sexual Education: Sexual education is an important component of reproductive health in Italy. It is primarily provided through schools and focuses on promoting responsible sexual behavior, preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and discussing the importance of consent and healthy relationships.
  4. STI Prevention and Testing: Italy offers various resources for the prevention and testing of sexually transmitted infections. Testing and treatment for STIs can be obtained through healthcare providers, specialized clinics, or public health centers. Anonymous and confidential testing services are also available in some locations.
  5. Abortion: Abortion is legal in Italy and can be accessed within specific circumstances. It is regulated by law and available up to 90 days from the beginning of the pregnancy. Access to abortion services is provided both in public healthcare facilities and private clinics. Counseling services are typically available to individuals considering or seeking abortion.
  6. Maternal Healthcare: Italy places importance on maternal healthcare, which includes prenatal care, childbirth, and postnatal care. Pregnant individuals can receive prenatal check-ups, screenings, and ultrasound examinations through public healthcare facilities or private practitioners. Maternity hospitals (Casa della Maternità) provide comprehensive care during childbirth and postpartum recovery.
  7. Reproductive Technologies: Italy has regulations regarding assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete donation. ART procedures are available in specialized clinics and are regulated by specific guidelines and criteria.
  8. Sexual Health Counseling and Support: Counseling and support services are available for individuals and couples seeking guidance on sexual health, reproductive choices, and family planning. These services are provided by healthcare professionals, such as gynecologists, sexual health specialists, and psychologists.
  9. LGBTQ+ Healthcare: Italy has made progress in recognizing and supporting LGBTQ+ healthcare needs. LGBTQ+-friendly healthcare providers and specialized clinics exist, offering inclusive care for sexual and reproductive health. However, challenges and disparities may still exist in certain areas, and it’s important to find supportive healthcare professionals or organizations.

It’s important to note that while the information provided here offers a general overview, specific practices and availability of sexual and reproductive healthcare services may vary. It’s advisable to consult with healthcare providers or organizations specializing in sexual and reproductive health for more detailed and up-to-date information based on your specific needs.

Getting health insurance in Italy

Getting health insurance in Italy depends on your status and specific circumstances. Here are some options to consider:

  1. National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale – SSN): If you are an Italian citizen or a legal resident of Italy, you are generally eligible for coverage under the SSN. Contributions to the SSN are typically deducted from your salary if you are employed. You will need to register with the SSN and obtain a health card (Tessera Sanitaria) to access healthcare services.
  2. European Health Insurance Card (EHIC): If you are a citizen of a European Union (EU) or European Economic Area (EEA) country, you can use your EHIC to access necessary healthcare services during a temporary stay in Italy. The EHIC provides coverage based on the same terms as Italian citizens. However, note that the EHIC is not a substitute for travel insurance and may not cover all costs, so it’s advisable to have additional insurance coverage.
  3. Private Health Insurance: Private health insurance is an option for both residents and non-residents in Italy. Private health insurance can provide additional coverage, shorter waiting times, and access to private medical facilities. It can be purchased individually or provided by employers. Private health insurance plans vary in terms of coverage, costs, and specific benefits, so it’s important to carefully review the policy before purchasing.
  4. Foreign Health Insurance: If you are a non-resident in Italy, you may have health insurance coverage from your home country or international health insurance provider. It’s important to check the terms of your insurance policy to understand if it provides coverage during your stay in Italy and what services are included.
  5. Expatriate Health Insurance: If you are an expatriate living and working in Italy, you may consider obtaining expatriate health insurance. Expatriate health insurance plans are designed for individuals living abroad and provide coverage for both routine healthcare and emergencies. These plans often offer a wide range of benefits, including access to private healthcare facilities and coverage for medical evacuation or repatriation.

When choosing health insurance in Italy, it’s important to consider your specific needs, budget, and the level of coverage you require. It’s advisable to compare different insurance providers, review the policy terms and conditions, and seek advice from insurance professionals to make an informed decision. Additionally, make sure to understand any waiting periods, exclusions, and limitations of the insurance policy you choose.

Healthcare Basics in Italy